Albert einstein, with his theory of relativity, outlined the photoelectric effects. Ppt solar energy powerpoint presentation free to download. Solar energy glossary electrical energy from photovoltaic systems makes a major contribution toward meeting evergrowing energy requirements. The caveat is that even if the entire world electricity budget could be met using solar energy, the remaining 80% of energy which is not used as electricity but thermal power heat still needs to be found in the absence of fossil fuels. This means that the solar panel only converts part of the energy of the sun to electricity. Most pressingly, the decline of cheap plentiful crude oil peak oil. Solar national energy education development project. Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. Energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the sun. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Through a process known as the photovoltaic effect, we can convert energy from the suns rays into electricity that can power our. Renewable energy technologies turn these fuels into usable forms of energymost often electricity, but also heat, chemicals, or mechanical power.
The solar industry is developing steadily all over the world because of the high demand for energy while major energy source, fossil fuel, is limited and other sources are expensive. In the broadest sense, however, almost all of the energy we use today, including fossil fuels, can be. Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available, and the u. Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range of. The sun doesnt just provide warmth and light its also a source of energy. Some energy sources have non energy uses, for example coal or natural gas can be used as a feedstock in fertilizer plants. Socrates megaron house is a classic example of passive solar design. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or lightdispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. Solar energy can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat and electricity. There is a fact, or if you wish, a law, governing all natural phenomena that are known to date. The organisation of this book is roughly linked to the three lectures on photovoltaics pv, that are given at. Pdf the spectrum of solar energy is quite wide and its intensity varies according to the timing of the day and geographic location. An assessment of solar energy conversion technologies and. They are expensive, but good for houses far away from power lines.
Use these revised instructions with the 2018 form 5695 rev. Solar energy systems refer to technologies that convert the suns heat or light to another form of energy for use us. Chapter 4 the building architectural design as the design pr ogr esses, the design team compar es the simulations of the pr oposed design alter natives to each other and to the basecase building simulation to understand the energy use, energy cost, and peak load implications of alter natives. Pdf on apr 15, 2017, saurabh kumar rajput and others published solar energy. Solar energy 315 diluted form, at a rate of about 220 wm2 see figure 31. Solar technologies can harness this energy for a variety of uses, including generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable interior environment, and.
Throughout history, solar energy remained popular until abundant sources of fossil fuel became available. Examples of thermal insulations are crown white wool, glass wool, calcium. Identifying the instruments used for measuring solar radiation. Instructions for completing the community solar energy pilot program application form 1. In fact, calculations based on the worlds projected energy consumption by 2030 suggest that global energy demands would be fulfilled by solar panels operating at 20 percent efficiency and covering only about 496,805 square km 191,817 square miles of earths surface. Before the industrial revolution, the main source of energy was wood and biomass, which is a secondary form of solar energy. An overview of solar cell technology mike mcgehee materials science and engineering global climate and energy projectglobal climate and energy project center for advanced molecular photovoltaics precourt institute stanford university konarka nanosolar. Understanding solar indices when someone tells you that the flux is up to 200 and the k is 3, do you know what they are talking about.
Phoenix contact has been an expert and reliable partner in the energy and photovoltaic industries for decades. Solar energy, the official journal of the international solar energy society, is devoted exclusively to the science and technology of solar energy applications the society was founded in 1954 and is now incorporated as a nonprofit educational and scientific institution. Solar energy definition of solar energy by the free dictionary. Photovoltaics and solar energy two activities grades. Solar energy is a type of radiant energy that travels in waves from the sun to other parts of the solar system. February 2020, have been revised to reflect the extension of the nonbusiness energy property credit to 2018 by the taxpayer certainty and disaster tax relief act of 2019. Most life on earth, from humans to plants, relies on solar energy directly or. Nasa figure 1approximate levels of ionization in the atmosphere.
Solar energy drives wind formation, allowing us to use wind turbines to transform kinetic energy into electricity. For example, given policies to address existing regulatory. Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics pv, indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination. Pdf solar energy fundamentals, economic and energy. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Examples include bipv, portable consumer devices, and solar textiles. Sales flourished, but the industry paid a high price for this brief period of prosperity.
Solar energy is created by nuclear fusion that takes place in the sun. Solar definition is of, derived from, relating to, or caused by the sun. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect. Pdf solar energy and photovoltaic systems researchgate. Most of the earths surface receives sufficient solar energy to permit lowgrade heating of water and buildings, although there are large variations with latitude and season. Using solar energy can drastically reduce the impact we have on the environment. The wall is down and the passive collector is collecting solar energy. With ample sunlight, pv systems can harness energy in hot and cold climates. The remainder of the objects in orbit around the sun are small solar system bodies sssbs. Today, solar energy provides less than 1% of the electricity we use, but it is growing each year as solar cells get used more. Solar power is an immense source of directly useable energy and ultimately creates other energy resources.
All these energy sources came from the sun, since solar energy drove wind and rain, grew trees, and grew crops to nourish our animals and ourselves. An overview of solar cell technology stanford university. Today, people use solar energy to heat buildings and water and to generate electricity. Biomass can trace its energy source back to the sun. Dec 29, 2014 passive solar energy active solar energy photovoltaic solar power solar thermal energy concentrated solar power types of solar energy 6.
Solar photovoltaic pv systems an overview figure 1. Multiple solar cells form modules called solar panels that range in output from 10 to 300 watts. The challenge of solar energy utilization is to concentrate it. Solar energy is any type of energy generated by the sun. Use this efficiency to calculate the power coming from the sun. A number of southwestern states have high solar potential and some have renewable energy portfolio standards particularly, az, ca, nm, and nv and the potential to gain from development of their solar energy resources. Solar energy is tenuous, undependable, and expensive beyond practicality. Solar electricity relies upon manmade devices such as solar panels or solar cells in order to provide a source of clean, and lowcost renewable energy. Residential solar systems photovoltaic pv systems, or solar panel systems, convert sunlight into electricity.
Student guide national energy education development project. Hydroelectricity is an example of an energy conversion technology that is not based on heat. Project report on solar energy environmental pollution. After the solar technology equipment is constructed and put in place, solar energy does not need fuel to work. The amount of solar energy an area receives depends on the time of day, the season of the year, the cloudiness of the sky, and how close you are to the earths equator. Plants use solar energy in the process of photosynthesis.
Fusion occurs when protons of hydrogen atoms violently collide in the suns core and fuse to create a helium atom. Passive solar energy is a method in which solar energy is harnessed in its direct form without using any mechanical devices. The power calculated above is the power given by the solar panel, but the solar panel has a particular efficiency. Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range of everevolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.
Incorporated in the cover art is an image of the gemasolar solar thermal plant, owned by torresol. In other words, if one square meter were available for conversion of solar energy to electricity at 100% efficiency, the energy produced would be sufficient for just two or three light bulbs. The solar energy is the energy obtained by capturing heat and light from the sun. Solar energy has been looked upon as a serious source of energy for many years because of the vast amounts of energy that are made freely available, if harnessed by modern technology. Passive solar energy active solar energy photovoltaic solar power solar thermal energy concentrated solar power types of solar energy 6. In one hour the earth receives more energy from the sun than the world consume in one year.
Photovoltaic comes from the words photo, meaning light, and volt, a measurement of electricity. It has been used for thousands of years in many different ways by people all over the world. The oldest uses of solar energy is for heating, cooking, and drying. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. Some toys and calculators use solar cells instead of batteries. Solar photons convert naturally into three forms of energyelectricity, chemical fuel, and heatthat link seamlessly with existing energy chains. Oct 16, 2018 solar energy is vital to support life on earth, it helps to grow our food, light our days, influence weather patterns, provide heat, and can be used to generate solar electricity. Instructions for form 5695 2018 internal revenue service. Solar energy, radiation from the sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity.
Wikipedia definition solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a range of everevolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. Solar cells solar panels can turn light energy into electricity. There is no known exception to this lawit is exact so far as we know. The total amount of solar energy incident on earth is vastly in excess of the worlds energy requirements and could satisfy all future energy needs if suitably harnessed. Solar energy is considered a renewable energy source due to this fact. In the 1830s, the british astronomer john herschel used a solar thermal. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources account for most of the available renewable energy on earth. While total photovoltaic energy production is minuscule, it is likely to increase as fossil fuel resources shrink. It amounts to about 420 trillion kilowatthours, and is several thousand times greater than all the energy used by all the people. Today, it is also used to make electricity where other power supplies are not there, such as in places far away from where people live, and in outer space.
All these energy sources were also renewable, since wind kept blowing, rivers kept flowing, and trees and crops kept growing. Federal and state tax incentives led to rising sales in the early 80s. It also does not emit greenhouse gases or toxic materials. Solar energy, with a focus on photovoltaics, which is the technology that allows to convert energy transported in light directly into electrical energy. Mar 21, 2020 solar energy, radiation from the sun capable of producing heat, causing chemical reactions, or generating electricity. Big solar cells can make enough electricity for a house. Project report on introduction to solar energy project report on the advantages of. Pdf the spectrum of solar energy is quite wide and its intensity varies according to the timing of the day and. Students will examine atoms as the basic building blocks of matter, including electrons, protons, and. This educational material is brought to you by the u. Solar collectors heating with solar energy is not as easy as you might think. Institute of physics report the role of physics in.
Sometimes photovoltaic cells are called pv cells or solar cells for. This heat energy is let to the boiler with a feedback. Solar energy is mostly used by residences and to generate electricity. An ultraclose view of a sunspot taken by the nso sacramento peak vacuum tower telescope. Solar energy simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Solar power is energy from the sun and without its presence all life on earth would end. Solar energy or solar power is the energy we generate from sunlight. Even fossil fuels originally received their energy from the sun. A solar collector is one way to capture sunlight and change it into usable heat energy. This chapter only discusses the use of solar energy for the direct production of electricity photovoltaic solar energy.
Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the sun that has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of everevolving technologies. Solar energy, among other renewable sources of energy, is a promising and freely available energy source for managing longterm issues in an energy crisis. Solar energy is the transformation of heat, the energy that comes from the sun. Solar energy accounts for a very small percentage of u. International journal of engineering trends and technology. Western governors likely to create southwest solar task. Interest in solar energy surged during oil embargoes in 197374 and 1979. The basic building block of a pv system is the solar cell. Each solar project applying to participate in the community solar energy pilot program requires the submission of an individual application form. Community solar energy pilot program application form. But in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, many objects similar to pluto were discovered in the outer solar system, most notably eris, which is slightly larger than pluto. Understanding the effects of the earths movements and atmospheric conditions on the solar energy received on the earths surface. Renewable energy uses energy sources that are continually replenished by naturethe sun, the wind, water, the earths heat, and plants. Every hour enough solar energy reaches the earth to supply our nations energy needs for a year.